The minimum snow load on a roof area or any other area above ground which is subjected to snow accumulation is obtained by the expression. 1. The pile deflection is greatly affected by the pile distance from slope crest. H. G. Poulos, “Behavior of laterally loaded piles near a cut or slope,”, S. V. Sivapriya and S. R. Gandhi, “Experimental and numerical study on pile behavior under lateral load in clayey slope,”, S. Mezazigh and D. Levacher, “Laterally loaded piles in sand: slope effect on P-Y reaction curves,”, K. Muthukkumaran, “Effect of slope and loading direction on laterally loaded piles in cohesionless soil,”, N. Nimityongskul, Y. Kawamata, D. Rayamajhi, and S. A. Ashford, “Full-scale tests on effects of slope on lateral capacity of piles installed in cohesive soils,”, D. A. When the foundation is built on a slope, the bearing capacity of the foundation will be significantly reduced, depending on the distance of the foundation from the slope. At an applied load, The position of the maximum bending moment of the pile for reverse loading is higher than that for toward loading at the same load level with small. (2)On the ground surface, the soil resistance will decrease as the slope ratio increases. On the ground surface, the soil resistance will decrease as the slope ratio increases. In order to analyze the effect of slope on the lateral soil resistance, the “free body cut” postprocessing function from the finite element software was used to obtain the data of shear force (Q) of the pile varying with depth. (2)With the increase of pile distance from slope crest, the bending moment of the pile for reverse loading gradually approaches the bending moment of the pile for toward loading. It can be seen that, with the increase of lateral load, the pile head displacement increases rapidly. tractive and braking forces are considered in special case of design of bridges, gantry girders etc.. (3)A contact pair was added to the contact faces of the pile body, the pile end, and the soil body, respectively. When the lateral load H0 = 500 kN, the position of the soil resistance zero point of the pile for reverse loading appears at 4.29∼4.33 m below the ground surface, while that for toward loading appears at 4.35∼5.1 m. The pile deflection becomes greater when the position of the soil resistance zero point of the pile gets deeper.

Types of Loads on Structures – Buildings and Other Structures, Types of Loads on Structures and Buildings, Roof Repairs – Guidelines for Repairs of Roof for Damages and Leakages, Measurement of Masonry Brick Works in Construction including Deductions, Tips to Avoid Reinforcement and Embedment Congestion in Concrete Members, Thumb Rules and Specifications for Design of Reinforced Concrete Beam, Top 6 Energy-Efficient High-Rise Buildings in the World, Calculate Quantities of Materials for Concrete -Cement, Sand, Aggregates, Methods of Rainwater Harvesting [PDF]: Components, Transport, and Storage. The soil resistance increases from a certain value on the ground surface to the maximum value and then decreases. The horizontal loads comprises of wind load and earthquake load. The lateral load level affects the position of the maximum bending moment of the pile. Chong Jiang, Jia-Li He, Lin Liu, Bo-Wen Sun, "Effect of Loading Direction and Slope on Laterally Loaded Pile in Sloping Ground", Advances in Civil Engineering, vol. The slope safety factor of the model was calculated to exceed 1.08, which proved that the slope was stable.

As it was mentioned, the pile head displacement will increase as the slope ratio increases. Cloud Computing in Construction: Are we Availing all its Benefits? The geostatic automatic stress balance method was used to calculate the original initial stress field of the slope. More and more scholars choose numerical simulation to analyze the problem of actual pile-soil interaction [12–14]. The different types of loads acting on a structure are broadly classified into following two types 1. The longitudinal loads i.e. The height of the slope was 12 m, and the total height of the model was 2 times the length of the pile. This could be due to the fact that the large deformation of the pile makes the embedded part of the pile to cause a certain lateral displacement and separate from the soil around the pile, resulting in tension stress of soil. After reaching the position of the first soil resistance zero point, it increases to the maximum value in the opposite direction. Indian standard code IS: 875–1987 and American Standard Code ASCE 7: Minimum Design Loads for Buildings and Other Structures deals with various design loads for structures. It is one of the major load in the design. Figure 11 shows the variation in maximum bending moment with the applied lateral load for different slope ratios. In the meanwhile, the position of the first displacement zero point moves downward from 5.49 m to 6.01 m with the decrease of pile distance from slope crest. The obtained results show that as the slope increases, it can cause greater lateral displacement and internal force of the pile. Sorry, you do not have permission to ask a question, You must login to ask question. (3)The pile deflection is greatly affected by the pile distance from slope crest. For example, when the lateral load H0 = 500 kN, the first displacement zero points for the slope ratios of 1V : 1H, 2V : 3H, 1V : 2H, and 1V : 4H and the level ground appear at 6.5 m, 6.1 m, 5.9 m, 5.86 m, and 5.5 m below the ground surface, respectively. IS 1893– 2014 gives the details of such calculations for structures standing on soils which will not considerably settle or slide appreciably due to earthquake. The slope ratio of different models was set as 1V : 1H, 2V : 3H, 1V : 2H, and 1V : 4H, respectively, with the pile distance from slope crest B/D = 1. When the pile distance from slope crest B/D increases to 7, the maximum bending moment of the pile for reverse loading is only 2.5% lower than that for toward loading.

According to the curve distribution results under different working conditions in the test, the slope was applied to the shallow nonadhesive soil foundation. (2)When the lateral load increases to 1000 kN, the maximum pile displacement under reverse lateral loading only increases by 4.24% from B/D = 7 to B/D = 1. In a construction of building two major factors considered are safety and economy.

As per the clause 19.6 of IS 456 – 2000, in addition to above load discussed, account shall be taken of the following forces and effects if they are liable to affect materially the safety and serviceability of the structure: (c) Soil and fluid pressure (See IS 875, Part 5), (g) Erection loads (See IS 875, Part 2) and. It indicates that the growth rate of maximum bending moment is much larger with the increase of lateral load as the slope gets steeper. Review articles are excluded from this waiver policy. When the load exceeds 200 kN, the maximum bending moment of the pile for different slope ratios increases rapidly at different rates. Typical mesh for three-dimensional finite element analyses. A. D. Mirzoyan, “Lateral resistance of piles at the crest of slope in sand,” M. S. thesis, Brigham Young University, Provo, Utah, 2007. Based on the calculation results, the curve in the form of hyperbolic curve is modified to consider the influence of slope ratio and the cohesion coefficient of the pile-soil cross section. It demonstrates that the elastic deformation range of the pile body is larger and the flexural properties of the pile are more fully developed as the slope ratio increases. For example, when the lateral load. You will receive a link and will create a new password via email. There will be two zero points in the bending moment curves of the pile.

Figures 7 and 8 show the variation of lateral pile deflection with depth for different slope ratios at lateral loads of 500 kN and 1000 kN, respectively. 51478479 and 51678570) and Hunan Transport Technology Project (Grant No. (4)The soil resistance increases in the opposite direction near the bottom of the pile for higher load levels. Through the three-dimensional finite element model, the influence of the laterally loaded pile foundation on the bearing performance of the pile foundation is studied by Sawant and Shukla [16]. The “penalty” friction coefficient value μ was generally 0.36 (tan(0.75φ)), and the case where the contact surface of the pile and soil was completely rough was considered, so μ = 1. Figures 7 and 8 show the variation of lateral pile deflection with depth for different slope ratios at lateral loads of 500 kN and 1000 kN, respectively. The floor slabs have to be designed to carry either uniformly distributed loads or concentrated loads whichever produce greater stresses in the part under consideration. The analyses have been conducted for slopes with different angles and two loading directions. Lateral loads are live loads that are applied parallel to the ground; that is, they are horizontal forces acting on a structure.