The body and leg-component lengths of macropterous and apterous morphs showed significant differences both in single- and multiple-site groups (P < 0.001). August 5, 2017 6:21 pm
The size of circle stands for the number of genes in each GO term.
Water Striders skim across ponds and other bodies of water on long legs that distribute the insect’s weight so as not to break the tension of the surface of the water. However, the adaptive mechanism of different wing morphs of water striders has not been well understood at the level of gene expression, particularly in males.
The wing development genes aligned against FlyBase revealed that the regulation of flight muscle contraction still plays a key role in the macropterous morphs by mediating the expression of certain structural genes in the adult stage (Fig. 2011). Clean data were deposited at the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) Sequence Read Archive (SRA) (SRP: 142557; BioProject ID: PRJNA453444).
It appears that the adults do not have wings, so we thought they might be nymphs as well, but your individuals resemble this photo from BugGuide of a member of the genus Trepobates which BugGuide indicates: “Superficially resembles nymphs of Gerris. Dear Katie O’, In this work, we have focused on the importance of the It would be inferred that apterous male possessing longer legs is more suitable to live on water surface than macropterous male. After the surface coating, the The gigantic species is hard to find and collect in the field and the larvae of this species have never been reported by far, and the present research tries to integrate the understanding on the adaptations of water striders with different wing morphs revealed by molecular and morphological evidence. Imaginal morphogenesis protein-Late 2 (Imp-L2; log2Fold Change = 2.4) and lipid storage droplet-2 (Lsd-2; log2Fold Change = 1.6) were found in differentially expressed transcripts within the apterous morphs. The hormone receptor-like in 38 (Hr38; log2Fold Change = 3.8) and trehalose transporter 1–2 (Tret1-2; log2Fold Change = 2) were also differentially expressed in the macropterous morphs of G. gigas. This helps other structural genes to regulate muscle contraction and relaxation in the myofibrils. Length distribution of unigenes from G. gigas. Both up- and downregulated DEGs were found for apterous and macropterous morphs, as measured by log2Fold Change (P-value ≤ 0.05, Supp Fig. In the mapping step of STAR, the maximum number of multiple alignments allowed for a read was set at 20; if this value was exceeded, the read would be considered unmapped. Photoperiodism changes according to global warming in wing-form determination and diapause inducation of a water strider, Changes in life-history traits of the water strider, Expression patterns of the whole troponin C gene repertoire during, The effect of combinations of food insects for continuous rearing of the wing polymorphic water strider, Imp-L2, a putative homolog of vertebrate IGF-binding protein 7, counteracts insulin signaling in, The juvenile hormone signaling pathway in insect development, Wing dimorphism, territoriality and mating frequency of the waterstrider, Socially responsive effects of brain oxidative metabolism on aggression, Moderated estimation of fold change and dispersion for RNA-seq data with DESeq2, The vertebrate muscle Z-disc: sarcomere anchor for structure and signalling, A secreted decoy of InR antagonizes insulin/IGF signaling to restrict body growth in, VENNY. Vellichirammal, N. N., P. Gupta, T. A. Therefore, the present study examined whether the different phenotypes reflect the same adaptive direction as DEGs do. 2003). Dear John, Water molecules are attracted to each other and like to stay together, especially on the surface where there is only air above. If you have a user account, you will need to reset your password the next time you login. 2011, Sopko and Perrimon 2013). A Water Strider can stand still, glide, and even skip across water effortlessly. There are two shots of an adult with prey and a group of young individuals.
In particular, species within Gerromorpha exhibit a very distinct polymorphism in the development of their flight apparatus (Andersen 1982). The mean lengths of body and leg components and their SDs are shown in Fig. We extracted different genes in two parts, consisting of upregulated genes and downregulated genes considering log2Fold Change ≥ 1 or ≤ −1, respectively, with an adjusted P-value threshold (FDR threshold) of 0.05.