%PDF-1.6 %���� x�b```"?6��B cg`a�X�� ��5L7&n��%PޮV��P�C6�h�x�x��HG���MiW7��v���v���F�a��E�����"��?�S�H��^�,�ĻW�gy���^�i���U�ύPÂզi. Benzenes : Page 4 The General Mechanism for Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution: • The rate determining step (R.D.S.) 0000121225 00000 n Lecture 6: Substitution Reaction 1 Substitution Reaction The vast majority of the reactions that we will encounter involve nucleophiles and electrophiles. CHEM%210%[CHAPTER%6:%SUBSTITUTIONREACTIONSOFALKYLHALIDES!! 0000166142 00000 n CHEM%210%[CHAPTER%6:%SUBSTITUTIONREACTIONSOFALKYLHALIDES!! • As we will see, there are many reactions, depending upon the particular electrophile, they all use the same h�b```f``�g`c`�ceb@ !�(G�� ���@��jú�g0Le� 0000165595 00000 n endobj << 0000005054 00000 n We also acknowledge previous National Science Foundation support under grant numbers 1246120, 1525057, and 1413739. �q?�d}f[�ek��;�Tfo���B`�#0yDr��HQ�6'D�Y�e������`RL���lF&��#D���0�����4�d�CR ��$������#�L�y����0 Δ� 0000008978 00000 n /SA true 0000162813 00000 n 177 0 obj<>stream /Type /ExtGState 163 0 obj <>stream startxref (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. /SMask /None>> 0000008771 00000 n (Notice that either of the oxygens can accept the electron pair.) �f@������;4@$T���� �����Vb�c�� ɰ}Pbr�h�ar`���6X4���P��>�7�8f2(7,c�c�)``gX`3����{�8����[�Q � �el trailer 0000003695 00000 n 16.4 ELECTROPHILIC AROMATIC SUBSTITUTION REACTIONS OF BENZENE 755 Step 2 Reaction of the benzene p electrons with the electrophile to form a carbocation inter- mediate. Introduction to Substitution Reactions in Organic Chemistry Notes pdf ppt Substitution Reaction: Substitution reaction (also known as single displacement reaction or single replacement reaction) is a chemical reaction during which one functional group in a chemical compound is replaced by another functional group. KEY! 1 2 . << /Length 5 0 R /Filter /FlateDecode >> 0000004956 00000 n stream 4 0 obj In both SN2 and SN1 reactions, a nucleophile is attacking an electrophile, giving a substitution reaction. /AIS false Learnengineering.in collected the various Topic wise notes for JEE(Joint Entrance Exam).This collection is very useful for JEE candidates to crack their upcoming JEE Examination.. Substitution with some rearrangement may also occur; for example, reaction with (t-Bu) 2 PH by heating in toluene yields the phosphido bridged compound (1). xref KEY! Examples. 0000190854 00000 n %%EOF 1. 3 0 obj 0000005807 00000 n endobj [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] 0000005152 00000 n %��������� When a nucleophile encounters an electrophile, a reaction can occur. endobj %PDF-1.3 0000167882 00000 n Download Electrophilic Aromatic Substitution Reaction (Chemistry) notes for IIT-JEE Main and Advanced Examination. endstream endobj startxref /Width 625 /Type /XObject Step 3 Loss of a proton from the carbocation to give a new aromatic compound. 0000003086 00000 n 0000196905 00000 n 5) 0000008647 00000 n SUBSTITUTION AND ELIMINATION REACTIONS s ubstitution reactions involve the replacement of one atom or group (X) by another (Y): We already have described one very important type of substitution reaction, the halogenation of alkanes (Section 4-4), in which a hydrogen atom is re- placed by a halogen atom (X = H, Y = halogen). SCH 102 Dr. Solomon Derese 6 III. In a substitution, one group replaces another. endstream endobj 114 0 obj <> endobj 115 0 obj <> endobj 116 0 obj <>stream 0 /Title (�� F r e e r a d i c a l s u b s t i t u t i o n r e a c t i o n p d f) �Z�+��rI��4���n�������=�S�j�Zg�@R ��QΆL��ۦ�������S�����K���3qK����C�3��g/���'���k��>�I�E��+�{����)��Fs���/Ė- �=��I���7I �{g�خ��(�9`�������S���I��#�ǖGPRO��+���{��\_��wW��4W�Z�=���#ן�-���? Stepwise (non-concerted) – reaction goes through distinct steps with a discrete reaction intermediate(s). 0000005103 00000 n is the reaction between the benzene and the electrophile, the benzene is the Lewis Base/Nucleophile in the R.D.S. /SM 0.02 Cyclohexene, which contains one double bond, will undergo a fast addition reaction, adding two bromine atoms to the double bond. 0000162392 00000 n 0000004907 00000 n 0000005394 00000 n Nitration is the usual way that nitro groups are introduced into aromatic rings. saturated hydrocarbons undergo relatively slow substitution reactions. h�bbd```b``��! :P��:��(�%1�\�L�dH�Q�V�����_e�l�yFBm�K�~t�����6i҆fn�hg����d"]$D_� ھq��~����r�d�4��I�� F�t�]���,����lN�G+xT�A�P�4�����R�B/ "e��D���OY/ @{!fB� �� �������D{��w���9. 143 7.3 Possible Mechanisms for Substitution Reactions Concerted – bond making and bond breaking processes occur in the same mechanistic step with no intermediate. %PDF-1.4 0000192133 00000 n 129 0 obj <> endobj /Producer (�� Q t 4 . <<297A48C297B0C74AAC284F689434C68F>]>> 0000004858 00000 n 129 49 8 . 1 0 obj For%each%of%the%followingreactions%draw%themechanism%for%S N2:% 2. 7) /ca 1.0 0000195551 00000 n 0000005201 00000 n 113 0 obj <> endobj << 0000194821 00000 n There are only two kinds of substitution reactions that can be studied: i. Aquation– replacement of ligand X by H2O, where X is the labile ligand. 0000004239 00000 n hޜWmo�:�+��jb�[G��(�il�½����BFsJRi��{���K��C���}|����� >> 6 0 obj 0000001276 00000 n /Length 7 0 R 0000005005 00000 n ƙ%Sq��bZ�5��Cf��}. 4 0 obj $ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� ���{���ؘ]>cNwy���M� 0000163344 00000 n /CA 1.0 ! Free radical substitution reaction pdf Chapter 4: Alcohol and Alkyl Halides Radical Replacement Mechanism Unlike the vast majority of reactions that you will see in your organic chemistry course, radical mechanisms require that fish curly arrows that represent the movement of … /Filter /FlateDecode Elimination Reactions Elimination reactions are the opposite of addition reactions. 0000006084 00000 n 0000008119 00000 n 2. xͽk�m�q��~�QFx���vb"�%%����0/d�0e�,ZK�޿�f��g�gA�L��g��MOOOOO��������?���a����w�o���]8ߞ��m}ގ��e�ݏ�_}�����sȿ���������N̽����pN�='�/������&����}��w����aAП��o�D�������������ߠb����D��G(x ������b�H�����|�H���p���������D�&�v=���cWj�=�s��=����~~;\0������r�a?t�+��w��O��a���������p7��穰^�R��`�;(��������?��O���S�N�r�h7��� �f��ooGg"`0Q�����L�O���h�jx9I��4��e�כL�v�9�N������ �~}��������Y��Ѭ��#��9�c�X������ �����G �S�6S;���٧�(%���lZ���]Csר�sTe+K�z����BN����u8�����S�)�y6����J�S̏�$�X��d�Ό��1�A�6am���N���m87��9�C��~���~xœ.��(b�. 0000197611 00000 n � �l%��Ž��� �W��H* �=BR d�J:::�� �$ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� �I �� 0000190154 00000 n 0000038026 00000 n 0000001768 00000 n %PDF-1.5 %���� stream 1. respect to substitution reactions. �I0�>;���_���(CEG{yxy X3c������@$� !96�Z|p�9�g#�mp�� � �`A�&�v`��h`b- Anation– replacement ofH2O by ligand X-(anion) ML5H2O + X-ML5X + H2O N.B. Cyclohexene, which contains one double bond, will undergo a fast addition reaction, adding two bromine atoms to the double bond. 0000001850 00000 n Reactions of Coordination Compounds CHEM 462 December 6th T. Hughbanks Ligand Substitution Reactions Reminders: kinetic terms: Labile vs. 764 CHAPTER 16 • THE CHEMISTRY OF BENZENE AND ITS DERIVATIVES These directing effects occur because electrophilic substitution reactions at one position of a benzene derivative are much faster than the same reactions at another position.That is, the substitution reactions at the different ring positions are in competition.For example, in Eq. 0000092630 00000 n << /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . 0000006008 00000 n 0000001978 00000 n /BitsPerComponent 8 0000192926 00000 n 0000067454 00000 n 0000002111 00000 n 0000000016 00000 n 150 0 obj <>/Filter/FlateDecode/ID[<3D7EED142AE13A40A5D30410497F94B7>]/Index[113 51]/Info 112 0 R/Length 144/Prev 440082/Root 114 0 R/Size 164/Type/XRef/W[1 3 1]>>stream